1. Advancing maternal age. A woman’s chances of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome increase with age because older eggs have a greater risk of improper chromosome division
2. Being carriers of the genetic translocation for Down syndrome. Both men and women can pass the genetic translocation for Down syndrome on to their children.
3. Having had one child with Down syndrome. Parents who have one child with Down syndrome and parents who have a translocation themselves are at an increased risk of having another child with Down syndrome. A genetic counselor can help parents assess the risk of having a second child with Down syndrome.

What is nutrition in terms of down syndrome?

The dietary recommendations for people with Down syndrome are similar to those of the general population. Many people with Down syndrome do not have major health issues, but some do. Below are a few nutrition implications for individuals with Down syndrome along with tips and suggestions on how to treat or manage their symptoms.

How do nutritionists deal with overweight/ obesity?

1. Eating small frequent meals
2. Eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and low-fat dairy
3. Limiting excess snacking or grazing, especially processed food and treats
4. Drinking more water and less sugary beverages
5. Getting plenty of exercise; at least 15-30 minutes each

What is the Role of nutritionist in diabetes?

 These are some symptoms of diabetes:

1. Increased thirst
2. Frequent urination
3. Unexpected weight loss
4. Fatigue or extreme tiredness

Treatment: Type 1 diabetes is treated with diet and medication to get blood sugar to a normal level. Diabetes education classes are the best way to teach caregivers and people with Down syndrome about diabetes management.

What is Celiac Disease and role of nutritionist?

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by sensitivity to gluten which is found in wheat, barley, and rye. When a person with celiac disease ingests gluten, an immune response is triggered that that damages the lining of the small intestines. Treatment for celiac disease is a lifelong, gluten-free diet.

What is the Role of a nutritionist in  Constipated patient:

1. Drink fluids throughout the day, preferably water: 6-8 eight-ounce glasses per day
2. Increase the amount of dietary fiber consumed each day. Be sure to drink extra water when eating more food with dietary fiber. Examples include: Raw fruits and vegetables, Leave skin on as it is a great source of fiber.

Thyroid Disease treatment in terms of nutritionists:

1. In the latest survey it is measured that 13-55 percent of people with Down syndrome will develop thyroid issues at some point in their life.
2. They may be at higher risk for being diagnosed with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Causing hypothyroidism, Graves’ Disease, usually causing hyperthyroidism.
3.  Symptoms of a thyroid issue can be seen at birth or later in life.
4. Treatment for these conditions is a spectrum. Many nutrients are needed in optimizing thyroid function, however, iodine, vitamin D, selenium, and B12 are among the most beneficial.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and management by nutritionist.

 The GERD is a condition where stomach contents reflux back into the esophagus causing several uncomfortable symptoms including heartburn, sore throat, regurgitation, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. GERD is a concern for children and adults with Down syndrome and can interfere with nutrient intake.

1. They should Eat small, frequent meals
2. Wait at least an hour after a meal to exercise
3. Do not lie flat after a meal
4. Drink before or after meals, not during
5. Talk to your health provider about medication
6. Avoid spicy foods, citrus, caffeine, chocolate, or dairy
7. Losing weight

Heart defects and role of nutritionist.

It is important to maintain a heart-healthy diet full of fruits, vegetables, fiber, and water while limiting processed foods, sweets, and sugary beverages. Adults with Down syndrome are at risk for developing the  cardiovascular disease that can be prevented with diet.

Feeding Difficulties and role of nutritionist :

People with Down syndrome of all ages may have difficulty feeding, eating, drinking, or swallowing. These issues may improve or managed with maturity and therapy. However, some issues may be prolonged throughout the lifetime. A feeding therapy team can help make suggestions on ways to modify nutritious food to make it easy and safe to eat. Textures and skills may increase over time to a regular texture diet, or they may continue to be modified throughout the lifetime.

Down Syndrome Treatment in Lahore:

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